
Making New Years Resolutions is, surprisingly enough, one of the world’s oldest customs! The majority of research resources agree that it probably started in 153 B.C., when the image of a mythical king of early Rome was placed on the Roman calendar. With two faces, King Janus could theoretically look back on past events as well as forward to the future. The Romans named the first month of the year “January”, after Janus, and began a custom of making resolutions because they felt the two faces of Janus were symbols of both beginnings and endings. Thus, at midnight on December 31, Romans exchanged gifts and made resolutions as they imagined Janus looking back at the old year and forward to the new.
Julius Caesar is credited with developing the Julian calendar in 46 BC. His goal was to have a calendar that would more accurately reflect the changing of the seasons than had the previous calendars. He decreed January 1 the beginning of the New Year. A later change had December 25, the commonly celebrated date of Jesus birth, as the date of the New Year. Yet another change established March 25 a holiday called “The Annunciation”, for New Year‘s Day. Finally, in the 16th Century, Pope Gregory XIII revised the Julian calendar, and the celebration of the New Year was returned to January 1.